Afghanistan 10 years after Soviet pull-out
This is a summary of what was said by UNHCR spokesperson – to whom quoted text may be attributed – at today's press briefing at the Palais des Nations in Geneva.
A decade after the last Soviet soldier left Afghan soil, and 20 years after the first groups of Afghan refugees fled the Soviet invasion, more than 2.6 million Afghans still remain in exile.
The Afghans have remained the single largest refugee group in the world for 19 years in succession, although their continuing plight has, in recent years, been overshadowed by newer conflicts and refugee movements elsewhere in the world.
By the end of 1979 - the year the Soviet army entered Afghanistan in support of the communist regime which had seized power the previous year - there were already 400,000 refugees in Pakistan and 200,000 in Iran. By 15 February 1989, the number had risen to a staggering 6.2 million, split almost equally between the two neighbouring countries, which showed extraordinary generosity in hosting such a vast number of refugees on their territory, despite the burden they represented to their own societies, environment and infrastructure. In both Iran and Pakistan, the refugees were allowed to work, and received considerable government support in the education and health sectors.
Since the Soviet withdrawal, almost two thirds of the refugees have returned to their devastated and poverty-stricken country, despite the outbreak of a new war between different Afghan groups competing for power. In all, more than 4 million Afghans have returned home voluntarily since 1989 - another refugee record - and a remarkable testimony to their courage.
While it was the Soviet invasion and occupation of Afghanistan that caused the majority of the refugees to flee, it is subsequent events - almost uninterrupted fighting between constantly shifting alliances of Afghan political groups and militias, continued human rights abuses, and a shattered economy and infrastructure - that is preventing the final settlement of the Soviet legacy.
The strength of the refugees' desire to rebuild their lives in their home country was amply demonstrated in 1992, after the communist government, shorn of its superpower support, finally fell from power. During the course of that year, a total of 1.6 million refugees went home. In 1993, another million followed suit, even though by then the capital city, Kabul, was being torn apart by infighting between different Afghan factions.
By the late 1990s, the numbers returning to relatively safe parts of the country - of which there are plenty - were still adding up to around 100,000 a year. However, many of the remaining refugees are understandably reluctant to return under current circumstances.
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First Afghans return home under new programme
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1 Oct 2002 ... of individuals seeking the multiple disbursement of UNHCR's return assistance package. Every individual returning to Afghanistan under the joint UNHCR/Afghan government-facilitated initiative ...... -
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8 Mar 2002 ... - back to their homes. Returnees included Afghans from Pakistan as well as people displaced within Afghanistan. In the last week, we have helped more than 15,600 Afghans return, most of them ...... -
Update on UNHCR's operations in Asia and the Pacific, Executive Committee 2008
26 Sep 2008 ... of Afghan refugees residing in Pakistan’s North-West Frontier Province have opted to return to Afghanistan: this is mainly due to spiralling prices and increased competition with locals for ...... -
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1 Jun 1995 ... Providing education and skills-training for Afghan women refugees was an uphill struggle. Slowly and surely attitudes softened, but how much survives the return to Afghanistan remains to be seen. By ...... -
UNHCR Global Report 2004 - South-West Asia Regional Overview
1 Jun 2005 ... Afghanistan Islamic Republic of Iran Pakistan Major developments I n 2004, the third year of assisted return to Afghanistan, approximately 761,000 people repatriated to the country. The return of ...... -
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30 May 2007 ... As "spontaneous" returnees, they approach the authorities to declare their intention to return and ... With everyone heading the same way - to the Dogharoun border crossing with western Afghanistan - ......